Practice Set A  

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as applicable.  

1. Read the text and do the tasks. (15) 

Reading Comprehension (RC, as it is normally called) is the most peculiar section in almost all scholastic, entrance, and employment tests. The skills in RC make a lot of difference to one’s chances of good grades/selection. Most students find it difficult to tackle topics that are diverse from the field they are in, or they are comfortable with. So, 

one needs to develop a taste for even the most obscure and boring topic on this planet. For success in RC, one should be able to understand. Even with an average speed, one can succeed if one implements the strategies. Broadly speaking, RC passages can be classified into a few categories.  

Fact-based RC is the simplest form of RC. These types of passages have a lot of information in the form of names, numbers, etc. In this type of passage, one should read very fast.  Don’t try to memorize any facts, numbers names, etc. In fact, there is no need to even remember them. Just make yourself familiar with the structure of the passage. Just see in which paragraph the author is talking about what. Mark it. Then when you go to the questions,  identify in which paragraph information regarding that question is mentioned. Go to that paragraph, read the numbers, names, etc., and mark the answer. Inference-based RC is the toughest form of RC. Here the passage is fairly tough to understand. This includes passages on topics like Religion, Spirituality, Philosophy, etc. Most of the students will be comfortable attempting these passages at least in RC. The reading speed is fairly slow in this type of passage. The way to master this type of passage is to read it again and again while practicing. Topic-based RC includes passages on any particular topic like economics, astrology, medical science, etc. Generally, what makes -these passages tough is the usage of technical terms. If a topic is new to us, the presence of technical terms scares us even if they are defined in the passage. For success in this type of passage, we need to have a fan understanding of the definition of the term if it is defined in the passage. Read that definition twice if you need to. But don’t worry about technical terms if they are not defined in the passage. Assume them to be non-existent and proceed. A key principle in these passages is that don’t go to the next line unless the previous line is clear. 

Reading passages first and then questions is the most popular strategy for RC. While answering the question you may come back to the passage to find the answer as you have just read the passage initially and not crammed it. But you should not come back for each  and every question. If you come back for the majority of questions, then you haven’t read the passage properly. The key to success for this strategy is that you should understand the passage very well. We will suggest students follow this technique from the beginning and work on this. Reading questions first and then passage is the strategy followed by a  

few students. They just look at the questions and not the options. The objective is that after seeing the questions when you read the passage then you read only that part carefully where the answer is given. The flaw with this is that you will not be able to remember all the questions. Besides this, this strategy fails when there are questions that require an understanding of the passage.

A. Questions: 5

1. What should one do to find the right answers?
2. Why is topic-based RC tough?
3. Which step is considered more essential for finding the right answers? Why? d. What is the most popular strategy for solving Reading Comprehension (RC)? e. Give an appropriate title for the passage

B. Find the words similar in the meaning from the passage. (5)

1.  different  
2.  accept as true 
3.  cozy 
4.  crowded 
5. scheme

C. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: (5) 1. Most students find Reading Comprehension difficult because………..  

1.  the language is tough 
2.  the vocabulary is difficult 
3.  the style is too involved 
4.  the topics are unrelated to their interest

2. Fact-based RC is the easiest because……………………….

1.  it is written in simple language 
2. there are no allusions 
3.  it contains information 
4.  it can be memorized easily

3. For answering a question on RC, one should………………………. 

1. memorize the facts, figures, etc. 
2. Mark what the author is talking about in the para 
3.  Mark the essential details of the passage 
4.  remember the names, numbers, etc. 

4. Topic-based RC is tough as……………………….

1. it contains technical terms 
2.  it is based on different topics 
3. it demands instant understanding 
4.  one can’t read them fast enough

5. Careful reading of the passage is essential for……………………….

1. answering difficult questions 
2.  saving time and effort
3. proper understanding and answering correctly 
4. selective identification of relevant parts 

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in short. (2x5=10)  

1. Why was the forlorn child wailing? (Soft Storm)
2. Why and how did Mrs. Baroda try to change Gouvernail’s solitary habits? (Respectable  Woman)
3. Who are the old guards? Why did they grow desperate? (I Was My Own Route)
4. How does the author describe Rakesh’s family background? (Devoted son) 
5. Why did the writer dislike the school? (On the Libraries)  

Q.3 Write long answers to the following questions- (2x5=10)

1. After reading the story, what inferences can you make about the contemporary Chinese economic and social system? (My Old Home)
2. Which narrative technique is used by the author to tell the story? How is this story different from other stories you have read? (The Half Closed Eyes……..Sinking Sun)

Q.. 4 The oppression of women knows no ethnic or racial boundaries.’ Do you you agree or disagree? (8) 

Q.5 Write an essay highlighting your dissatisfaction with social, economic, and political issues prevailing in Nepal at present. – (10) 

Q.6. Write a newspaper article highlighting the increasing individualism in modern Nepalese society. (7)

Q.7. Do as indicated in brackets and rewrite the sentences. (10x1=10)  

1. A leap year occurs ………. four years. (each/every) 
2. Give me ………. money I owe you. (which/the/a/an) 
3. I don’t care whether he or she (win/wins) the lottery.  
4. I’m not sure whether you or he (has/have) created the trouble. 
5. Either the students or their English Teacher (is/are) responsible for the misinformation.
6. The weather was extremely bad. The pilot landed the plane safely. (Although/in spite)
7. . ….……….. Naresh lives in Kathmandu. - No. He lives in Pokhara. (is/do/does) 
8. Do you remember if I locked the front door? (Direct Question)
9. Do not throw stones …… the dog. (Complete the sentence using a preposition)
10. She found that the less authentic tones are (always/often) more nasal. 

Q.8.Do as indicated in brackets. (5X1=5) 

1. impress (adjectival form) 
2. satisfy (Use prefix) 
3. Make a sentence from the given clue [ It/rain in Kathmandu next week. (future continuous) ]
4. neighbor, husk (Suffix) 
5. foreign, accommodation (Correct the spelling) 

Practice Set B

1. Read the text and do the task. (15)

The world’s highest mountain is 0.86m higher than had been previously officially calculated, Nepal and China have jointly announced. Until now the countries differed over whether to add the snow cap on top. The new height is 8,848.86m(29,032ft.) China’s previous official measurement of 8,844.43m had put the mountain nearly four meters lower than Nepal’s. Everest Officials at Nepal’s foreign ministry and Department of survey said surveyors from both countries had coordinated to agree on the new height. The agreement to jointly announce the new measurement of the Earth’s highest point was made during Chinese President Xijingpin’s visit to the Nepalese capital, Kathmandu. Chinese authorities had said previously that Mount Everest should be measured to its rock height, while  Nepalese authorities argued the snow on top of the summit should be included. 

The Chinese surveyors had calculated their figure after they measured the mountain in 2005.  Nepal’s government told the BBC in 2012 that they were under pressure from China to accept the Chinese height and therefore they had decided to go for a fresh measurement to  “set the record straight once and for all”. The 8.848m height Nepal had been using for  Mount Everest was determined by the Survey of India 1954 but for the first time, the country has now conducted its own measurement of the Summit. Four Nepalese land surveyors spent two years training for the mission, before heading to the summit. “Before this, we had never done the measurement ourselves,” Damodar Dhakal, a spokesman at Nepal’s  Department of Survey, told the BBC.” Now that we have a young, technical team (who could also go to the Everest Summit), we could do it on our own,” Mr. Dhakal said. Nepal’s lead surveyor Khimlal Gautam lost his toe due to frostbite while on the summit to install height-measuring equipment last year. “For summiteers, scaling the highest peak means a great accomplishment. For us, it was just the beginning, “Mr. Gautam had told BBC Nepal after his return. “Unlike other surveys of Everest in the past, we chose 03:00 to minimize errors that could have been caused because of sunlight in the daytime.” Some geologists have suggested a major earthquake in 2015 may have had an impact on Mount Everest’s height. The 7.8 magnitude earthquake killed nearly 9,000 people in Nepal and caused an avalanche that buried parts of the base camp at the mountain. At least 1820 climbers were killed. Some geologists said the earthquake may have caused Everest’s snow cap to shrink. 

Scientists found that some other Himalayan peaks such as Langtang Himal, mostly to the north of Kathmandu and close to the epicenter, had reduced in height by 

approximately a meter after the earthquake. Others have argued that Mount Everest, like other Himalayan peaks, may have actually grown over time because of the shifting tectonic plates it sits on. However, experts say major earthquakes can result in that process being reversed. “The 2015 earthquake is also a major reason why we re-measured the mountain,”  said Mr. Dhakal. 

Choose the best answer. (5x1=5) 

a. The word ‘announce’ in the text means:

1. utter words to convey information. 
2. make a formal statement about a fact. 
3. Communicate information to someone.

b. The word ‘fresh’ in the phrase ‘fresh measurement’ in the second paragraph  means:

1. having its original qualities unimpaired.
2. not frozen, tinned, or otherwise preserved.
3. not previously done, new, or different.

c. The word ‘accomplishment’ in the text means:

1. the omission of expected action.
2. the act or instance of failing.
3. something that has been achieved successfully.

d. The word ‘shrink’ is opposite in meaning to:

1. expand
2. contract
3. reduce. 

e. The word ‘approximately’ in the text means:

1. exactly 
2. nearly 
3. precisely.

B. Complete the following sentences in NOT MORE THAN FOUR WORDS (5x1=5)

1. Nepal and China previously had different views about adding the ………… to the height of Mt. Everest. 
2. Surveyors from both Nepal and China had worked together to come up with the same ………… 
3. China’s earlier official measurement of 8844.43m was based on the measurement done in …………… 
4. The team leader of Nepal’s surveyors lost his toe during the installment of  ………. On the top. 
5. Some geologists also had their view that the change in ……… under Mt. Everest may have increased the height.  

C. Answer the following: (5x1=5)

1. What did the surveyors from both Nepal and China agree on to come up with about Mt. Everest? 
2. Why did both countries determine to carry out the new measurement of Mt.  Everest? 
3. Which sentence in the text indicates that it was the first time for Nepal to measure the height of Mt. Everest? 
4. Why did the Nepali team take 03:00 as the reference in measuring the summit? e. What covered the parts of the base camp at the mountain during the 2015 earthquake?

2. Write short answers to the following questions. (5x2=10) 

1. How did the neighbors help the young couple in the kitchen garden?  (Neighbours) 
2. How was Gouvernail different from Mrs. Baroda’s expectations?
3. What does the hyphen in the first line serve in the poem, ‘A Day’?
4. What do you think about the ending of the play, ‘A Matter of Husbands’? 
5. Who are the people ‘who travel the meridian line’ The Awakening Age)?

3. Write long answers to the following questions. (2x5=10) 

1. A Proverb says, “Nothing is pleasanter than exploring a library.” Does this proverb apply in the essay? Explain. 
2. The author has dealt with a controversial debate on human history. Why do you think history has been a major contested issue in the present world? (Humility)

4. Write an email to your friend explaining about your college life. (8)

5. Develop a news story on the basis of the given outlines. (7) 

3 Killed in a Road Mishap accident at Kurintar, the bus collided with a truck, poor visibility/foggy conditions 3 deaths,  rescue work, and the injured were taken to hospital. 

6. Who is your favorite Nepali musician? Write his/her biography in about 300 words.  (10)

7. Do the activities as directed in the brackets and rewrite the sentences. (10x1=1)

1. Does she like ice cream or sweets? (Mention the type of question) 
2. She has very good work experience. She failed the interview of a newsreader.  (Join the sentences using ‘Despite’) 
3. Neither the pajamas nor the tracksuit ………… (fit/fits) me. 
4. He has …………. (a few/a little) money left. 
5. You’d better not take the book …………? (Question Tag) 
6. We should be rude to others ……………. (Place the adverb ‘never’ in the  appropriate place) 
7. We are poor. Yet we are happy. (Combine the sentences using ‘in spite of’)
8. We visit the park. (Place the adverb ‘occasionally’ in the appropriate place) 
9. It was raining very ………… (heavy/heavy). (Choose the correct option) 
10. I have great respect ………. (to/for) my teachers. (Choose the correct preposition)

8. Do as instructed. (5x1=5) 

a. Add suitable suffix to the root words given.

1.  Ship 
2. brother

b. They will meet you here. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word) 

c. Write the correct one. 

 He has obtained full mark/marks.

d. Underline the content words in the following sentence. 

 The cat sat lazily on the dirty mat.

e. Choose the correct sentence. 

1. The old man said, “Work hard if you want to rise in life.” 
2. The old man said to work hard if you want to rise in life. 
3. The old man said. “Work hard if you want to rise in life.” 

Practice Set: C

Candidates must give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. 1. Read the following text and do the tasks. (15)

Nowadays most people realize that it’s risky to use credit card numbers online. However,  from time to time, we all use passwords and government ID numbers on the internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from innocent web surfers. This new kind of attack is called ‘phishing’. Phishing sounds the same as the word “fishing” and it implies that a thief is trying to lure people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait in the form of great online deals or services. For example,  phishers might use fake emails and false websites to con people into revealing credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. They imitate well-known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may convince as many as five  

percent of the people they contact to respond and give away their personal financial information. 

Is this a really big problem? Tricking five percent of the online population is huge! Currently, more than 350 million people have access to the Internet, and seventy-five percent of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It has been estimated that phishers send more than 3 million scam messages each year. Even by tricking only five percent of the people, phishers can make a lot of money. 

Since there is so much money to make through this kind of scam, it has caught the interest of more than just small-time crooks. Recently, police tracked down members of an organized phishing group in Eastern Europe, who had stolen hundreds and thousands of dollars from people online. The group created official-looking email messages requesting people to update their personal information on an international bank’s website. However,  the link to the bank in the message sent people to the phishing fake website. To make matters worse, further investigation revealed that this group had connections to a major crime gang in Russia. 

How can innocent people protect themselves? Above all, they have to learn to recognize emails that have been sent by a phisher. Always be wary of any email with urgent requests for personal financial information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting, but fake statements in their emails so that people will reply right away. Also, messages from phishers will not address recipients by name because they really don’t know who the recipients are yet. On the other hand, valid messages from your bank or other companies you normally deal with will typically include your name.

A. Choose the correct answer. (5x1=5) 

a) ‘Some dishonest people try to steal other people’s card numbers. What does ‘dishonest’  mean here? 

1.  truthful
2. having honesty
3. untruthful.

b) When the box is opened, you should open it…………

1. right up 
2. right away 
3. out 

c) The comedian can imitate the voice of the president well. Here the word ‘imitate’ is synonymous with the word………. 

1. convince
2. copy
3. change

d) ‘What can I do to convince you that I’m not lying?’ Here the word ‘convince’ is opposite to …….. 

1. persuade 
2. induce 
3. dissuade

e) Phishers send more than three million scam messages each year. What does ‘scam’  mean?

1. an illegal trick, usually to steal money 
2.  a thing used to attract or tempt.
3. needing immediate attention

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the list given. 

 (financial, private, gangs, internet, lure, tracked, convince, wary, risky, crooks) Giving personal information over the internet has always been……….., now it’s even more so with the new ………… scam, phishing. Phishing first bait ………. Innocent people into a scam by making up fake emails. With this bait, they ……. some of the people they contact to give away ………. Information. These internet criminals are not just small-time  ………. Police investigations have recently ………Europe with connections to crime  ………… in Russia. People must be …….. of any urgent emails requesting …….  information 

C. Answer the following questions. (5x1=5)

1. How do dishonest people steal IDs and credit card numbers from innocent web surfers?
2.  To which activity is phishing compared? 
3. What is implied about the people who get caught in phishing scams? 
4. Who was behind the Eastern European phishing scam? 
5.  What could be a suitable title for this text?

2. Write short answers to the following questions. (5x2=10)

1. Who were Evan and Hooker and where were they heading? (The Treasure in  the Forest) 
2. How does Lu Xun create a feeling of nostalgia in the story? (My Old Home)
3.  How does the speaker describe the morning sun? (A Day) 
4. What is the theme of the poem ’I Was My Own Route’? 
5. How does Monsieur die? (Facing Death)

3. Write long answers to the following questions. (2x5=10)

1. How do you think that ‘A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings’ is a work of magical realism? Discuss. 
2. Discuss ‘Facing Death’ as a modern tragedy. 

4. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the growing misuse of social media.  (8)

5. Is the hyperloop the future of transportation or just a dream? What do you think?  Justify your opinion with suitable reasons. (7)

6. Write a travelog about your visit to a new place. (in about 300 words) (10) 7. Do as instructed. (10)

1. The beautiful Himalayas could be seen from my room. (Underline the modal verb)
2.  The government …………. high taxes. i)charge ii) charges iii) both a and b  
3. It rained a lot. We enjoyed our picnic. (Make one sentence by using in spite of)
4.  You can (raise/rise) your hand if you want to ask a question. (Choose the correct  option) 
5. Ravi said to Hari, “Where have you been all these days?” (Change into indirect  speech) 
6. I think they should offer her the job. (Change into passive) 
7. Did you come here by taxi or … foot? (Complete the sentence with the correct  preposition) 
8. Raju works in a finance company. I met him yesterday. (Join the sentence by using a relative pronoun) 
9. “A black Chinese jacket” (Put the word ‘leather’ in the correct place) j. “Don’t let him swim in the pond,…….? (Question tag)

8. Do as instructed. (5x1=5)

a. Which is not true about ‘proximity’ in the sentence, “The best thing about the location of the school is its ‘proximity’ from your house? 

1. nearness 
2. vicinity
3. distance

b. You ought to book a holiday soon. What word class does the word “book’ in the  sentence belong to? 9

c. What is the root of the word ‘truthfulness’? 

1.  truth
2. full 
3. true

d. Which of the following words has a different initial sound? 

1. check 
2. chairman
3. chemical 

e. Choose the correct alternative. 

 a delicious Italian pizza/ an Italian delicious pizza

Practice Set D

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as applicable.

1. Read the following text and do the tasks. (15)

Too many parents these days can’t say no. As a result, they find themselves raising  “children” who respond greedily to the advertisement aimed right at them. Even getting what they want doesn’t satisfy some kids; they only want more. Now, a growing number of psychologists, educators, and parents think it’s time to stop the madness and start teaching kids about what’s really important: values like hard work,  contentment, honesty, and compassion. The struggle to set limits has never been tougher- and the stakes have never been higher. One recent study of adults who were 

overindulged as children paints a discouraging picture of their future: when given too much too soon, they grow up as adults who have difficulty coping with life’s disappointments. They also have a distorted sense of entitlement that gets in the way of success in the workplace and in relationships. Psychologists say that parents, who overindulge their kids, set them up to be more vulnerable to future anxiety and depression. Today’s parents themselves, raised on values of thrift and self-sacrifice,  grew up in a culture where ‘no’ was a household word. Today’s kids want much more,  partly because there is so much more to want. The oldest members of this generation were born in the late 1980s, just as PCs and video games were making their assault on the family room. They think of MP4 players and flat-screen TVs as essential utilities, and they have developed strategies to get them. One survey of teenagers found that when they crave something new, most expect to ask nine times before their parents give in. By every measure, parents are shelling out record amounts. In the heat of this buying blitz, every parent who desperately needs to say no finds themselves reaching for their credit cards. Today’s parents aren’t equipped to deal with the problem. Many of them were raised in the 1960s and ’70s. swore they’d act differently from their parents and have closer relationships with their own children. Many of them wear the same designer clothes as their kids and listen to the same music. And they work more hours; at the end of a long week, it’s tempting to buy peace with ‘yes’ and not mar precious family time with conflict. Anxiety about the future is another factor.  How do well-intentioned parents say no to all the sports gear and arts and language lessons they believe will help their kids thrive in an increasingly competitive world?  Experts agree that too much love won’t spoil the child. Too few limits will. 

What parents need to find is a balance between the advantages of an affluent society and the critical life lessons that come from waiting, saving, and working hard to achieve goals. That search for balance has to start early. Children need limits on their behavior because they feel better and more secure when they live within a secure structure. 

Older children learn self-control by watching how others, especially parents act.  Learning how to overcome challenges is essential to becoming a successful adult. Few parents ask kids to do chores. They think their kids are already overburdened by social and academic pressures. Every individual can be of service to others, and life has meaning beyond one’s own immediate happiness. That means parents eager to teach values have to take a long, hard look at their own. 

Questions:

1. Choose the most appropriate option: (1x5=5)

a. What do psychologists, educators, and parents want to teach their children?

1. To teach them about treachery. 
2. To teach them about indiscipline. 
3. To teach them about the values of life like hard work, contentment, honesty, and compassion. 
4. None of these.

b. What is essential to become a successful adult?

1. Learn not to overcome challenges. 
2. Learn how to overcome challenges. 
3. Nothing is essential. 
4. None of these.

c. Why do children need limits on their behavior when they live within a secure structure?

1. They feel more secure and better. 
2. They feel insecure. 
3. They feel bored. 
4. None of these.

d. What is the drawback of giving children too much too soon?

1. They fail to cope with life’s disappointment when they grow up.
2. They do not study seriously. 
3. They become quarrelsome when they grow up. 
4. None of these.

e. What did parents think about their children?

1. They think their kids are already overburdened by society. 
2. They do not study seriously. 
3. They become quarrelsome when they grow up. 
4. None of these.

B. Find words in the passage similar in meaning. (5x1=5)

1. a feeling of satisfaction. 
2. valuable
3. exhaust 
4. Plan of action 
5. instant 

C.Answer the following questions briefly: (5x1=5) 

1. What values do parents and teachers want children to learn? 
2. What is the result of giving children too much too soon? 
3. How can you become a successful adult? 
4. Today’s children want more. Justify this statement. 
5. Do you think there is a necessity to set limits for children?

2. Write short answers to the following questions. (5x2=10)

1. Why did the young man begin to weep at the end of the story? (Neighbours)
2.  Why does the guide show instances of poverty to the tourist? (The Half-Closed Eyes of the Buddha…) 
3. Why did Monsieur Duran sell his life insurance? (Facing Death 
4. What is the goal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? (Human  Rights and the Age of Inequality) 
5. Why does the world need more wisdom in the future? (Knowledge and  Wisdom)

3. Write long answers to the following questions. (2x5=10)

1. The taste of children is different from grown-ups. What are the elements in the story that make ‘The Old Man with Enormous Wings’ a children’s story? 
2.  How does the play, ‘The Bull’ make a satire on the feudal system?

4. What are the challenges in maintaining human rights in Nepal? (7)

5. Interpret the data in the given graph using appropriate words and phrases (8)   

6. Many students in Nepal tend to choose to study abroad. To what extent does this trend benefit the students and the country? Write an essay to explain your  thoughts in about 300 words. (10)

7. Do as instructed in the brackets and rewrite the sentence. (10x1=10)

1. I’m going to tell you something very important, so please listen ……… (Complete the  sentence with an appropriate adverb) 
2. The old man died ……………. a heart attack. (Put the correct preposition in the  blank) 
3. More than one person ………. going to have to find a new job. (Put the correct verb in the blank). 
4. You’ll ………. (has to /have to/must/had to) tell the police that your house was broken into. (Choose the correct option from the bracket to complete the sentence)
5.  He only realized he …………. his keys when he reached his front door.  (Complete the statement using the correct form of the verb: lose)
6. A lot of people are worried about……… (to lose/ losing) their jobs. (Choose the  correct option from the bracket to complete the sentence.) 
7. ……………….. the AC was on, and the room was not cool. (Put the correct  conjunction in the blank to complete the sentence.) 
8. Between 2000 and 2005 she wrote three novels, ……………(neither of which/none which/none of which) were published. (Choose the correct option  from the bracket to complete the sentence.)  
9. I don’t like people laughing at me. (Change into passive). 
10. Could you please open the window? (Report this with the reporting clause: She  requested ……………) 

8. Choose and copy the correct answer. (5x1=5)

a. Which of the following words has a different initial sound? 

1.  check 
2. chess 
3. chemical 
4. chairman 

b. The first sound in the word ‘shape’ is transcribed as... 

1.  /∫/ 
2. /z/
3. /s/ 
4. /t∫/

c. The word ‘holiday’ has………… 

1. two syllables 
2. three syllables 
3. four syllables

d. Put the adjectives in the correct order. 

1.   i) She went home and sat on a (relaxing/old /her/wooden) chair.

e. Which of the sentence is correct? Rewrite the correct one.  

1. I have seen my friend long ago. / I saw my friend long ago.

Practice Set- E 

1. Read the following text and do the tasks. 15

Many of underdeveloped countries will promote the growth of their economies in one way or the other, no matter whether they receive substantial outside aid in the process or not. The character of that development, however, is likely to be strongly influenced by the types of and amounts of aid available. The outcome is much more likely to be favorable, from the standpoint of the objectives for successful development set up previously, if there is substantial international aid than if there is not. By substantial aid I mean not only large amounts of technical assistance but also of capital. 

Initially, the capacity of an underdeveloped country to use capital productively may be surprisingly small, limited by the lack of organization, trained personnel, and other social obstacles. At this stage technical assistance is the main need from outside, with comparatively  small amounts of capital, much of which may have to be in the form of grants for non-self 

liquidating projects, in education, health, access to roads in rural areas, and the like, if, at this stage, substantial capital is available from outside to supplement what can be formed internally  (and to simulate internal capital formation, for it does that too) the rate of economic growth can be consistently increased, the strains and the frustrations and the political risks of the development are likely to be considerably less. 

It is possible for the underdeveloped economies to modernize themselves with very little capital from the outside. Japan's imports of capital were small though some of it came at crucial times. The contribution of foreign direct investments to the advancement of technical know-how also was greater than would be indicated merely by the size of the investment. The Soviet Union industrialized its economy with practically no aid from foreign investment capital except for the foreign-owned installations confiscated after the revolution, though it imported machinery in the early days on short-term or immediate-term credits and hired services or foreign experts. Both  Japan and Russia achieved their development in an authoritarian political and social framework,  The outcome in both cases from standpoint of the peace in the world and democratic ideals,  was highly unfavorable. In the absence of outside aid, the only way to accumulate capital is to increase production without taking much of the benefit in more consumption or even pushing consumption standards down. Where people are already near the subsistence level this may mean extreme hardship. Somehow the people must be motivated to change their accustomed ways quickly, to work hard, and to forgo present consumption so that capital investment can be made. 

Questions:

A. Choose the most appropriate option: (5×1=5)

(a) The passage says that…………………….

1. Without foreign aid no underdeveloped country can 
2. An underdeveloped country must refrain from taking foreign aid. 
3. the economies of underdeveloped countries are more likely to grow faster with substantial foreign aid than without. 
4. underdeveloped countries are economically backward because their governments have not got their priorities right. 

(b) Substantial aid in this context means………….

1. technical assistance in the form of trained personnel. 
2. capital in the form of bank loans and overdrafts. 
3. large amounts of technical assistance and capital. 
4. a cheap and plentiful supply of labor.

(c) Which of the following points or statements did the writer actually make? 

1. Japan and Russia achieved their development in a democratic framework. 
2. Japan and Russia achieved their development in an authoritarian political and social framework.
3. Japan and Russia would have developed faster if they had relied on democratic methods.
4. Japan and Russia are still among the underdeveloped countries of the world.

(d) Accumulation of capital without getting outside and may mean……………?

1. extreme hardship 
2. more investment 
3. high living standard  
4. low living standard

(e) What problems does an underdeveloped country face?

1. The problems of lack of organization and trained personnel 
2. High per-capital real income 
3. Political stability 
4. None of the above

B. Answer the following questions briefly: (5×1=5 marks)

1.  How does the availability of substantial capital help? 
2. How can a nation accumulate if it does not get outside aid? 
3.  How did Japan and Russia become developed? 
4.  What should an underdeveloped nation do to minimize risk? 
5.  What was the contribution of FDI in the case of Japan?

C. Find words in the passage similar in meaning as: (5×5=5 marks)

1. Substantial 
2. Aid 
3. Anger 
4. Adverse 
5. Poverty

2. Write a short answer to the following questions. (5×2= 10)

1. What do you understand by ‘soft storm’? (Soft Storm) 
2. How did the treasure hunters try to carry the gold ingots to the canoe? (The  Treasure in the Forest) 
3. What makes this poem lyrical and sonorous? Discuss (A Day) 
4. What do you think about the ending of the play, ‘A Matter of Husbands’? (A  Matter of Husbands) 
5. Why does the speaker prefer the present to the past? (I Was My Own Route)

3. Write long answers to the following questions. (2×5 =10)

1. Shed light on the practice of ‘Chakari’ as portrayed in the play (The Bull) 
2. Medicines replace our diets in old age. What can be done to make old ageless dependent on medicine? (A Devoted Son) 

4. In your view, what should the government, society, and individuals do for peace and order in social lives? (7)

5. Write a short autobiography featuring your childhood life using the following  guidelines: (8) 

 Date and place of birth 

 Family background 

 Daily life 

 School life 

 Special events of childhood days, etc.

6. Write an essay on ‘The Importance of Family’. In your essay, you can use these guiding questions. (10)

Why family is important to you. 

 Why family is/ is not important for the society. 

 How do you think families will change in the future? 

7. Do as indicated in brackets and rewrite the sentences. (10×1= 10)

1.  I am busy preparing for my examinations. I have very………. time to give to you.  (much, many, few, or little) Put the correct word in the blank) 
2.  Neither the gas fire nor the electric heaters (be) suitable for room heating. (Write  the correct form of the verb in the blank) 
3.  The headmaster said,” Don’t make any noise, boys.” (Change the following  sentences into indirect speech.) 
4. If you sell your stocks now, you…………. much money for them. (not/get)
   
5.  She barely managed to reach the goal, ………? (Question tag)  
6.  I want someone to love me. (Change the following into passive voice.) 
7.  In Nepal, many girls get married…………an early age. (Use correct prepositions)  h) It/rains in Kathmandu next week. (Future continuous)  
8.  My small brother was sleeping. I played chess with my father. (Put the correct  connectives to join the sentences.)  
9.  I forget to do my homework. (sometimes)- Put the frequency in the appropriate place  

8. Choose the best options. (5×1= 5)

a. Make two prefix words from the given word.

1. Up 
2. Multi

b. I can’t …………………. the pain.

1. bare
2. bear
3. bore 
4. beer 

c. The music was composed by Narayan Gopal. (Make Wh-question)

d. Tick (√) the correct words that are similar in meaning to the underlined words.  She is wearing a tattered shawl.  

1. Old  
2. Torn  
3. Dirty  
4. Branded

e. Make new words using the following suffix 

1. ion 
2. full 

Source: Kathmandu World School, Gundu, Bhaktapur