Set 1 

 Part: I (Botany) 

 Group: A  

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (5×1=5)  

1. Turner’s syndrome in women represents 

1. Nullisomic 
2. Monosomic 
3. Trisomic 
4. Tetrasomic  

2. An artificially mean of vegetative propagation in which a very small portion of a plant part is  grown aseptically in an artificial medium is called  

1. Layering 
2. Tissue culture 
3. Cutting 
4. Grafting  

3. Which of the following plants is mostly used for green manuring?  

1. Moss 
2. Fern 
3. Dhaincha 
4.  Marigold  

4. In the given diagram of vascular bundle xylem surrounds phloem. In which of the following plant  it is found?  

1. Yucca 
2. Fern 
3. Rose 
4. Cucumber  

5. If a piece of tomato is kept in concentrated salt solution. What will happen to the tomato piece? 

1. It will become flaccid 
2. It will die 
3. It will not change 
4. It will become turgid   

Group: B  

Give short answers to the following questions: (4×4=16)  

1. The anatomical structure of the vascular plant is given. Study the given diagram and answer the  following questions. (1+3)  

 

1. Name B in the diagram.
2. Name A and D and mention how they are formed and their function. 

2. Define pollination? Write differences between self- pollination and cross pollination.  (1+3) 

3. “Genetic engineering is the science of adding, removing or replacing genetic units to achieve  permanent and heritable change in plants or animals for the benefit of mankind.” Explain its  mechanism and few benefits. (2+2) 

4. What are auxins? Describe the physiological effects of auxin on plants.  (1+3)  

Or 

What do you understand about gene interaction? Explain the interaction in which none of the alleles  in heterozygous condition shows complete dominance or recessiveness with suitable examples.  (1+3) 

 Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2X8=16) 

5. One of the principles of Mendelian inheritance states that “The alleles of different traits can be  segregated during gametogenesis and their purity maintained in gametes. State and explain the  pattern of inheritance verifying the statement with example showing cross up to second filial  generation with chart and ratio. Explain significance of Mendelism.  (1+3+2+2) 

Or  

Define Criss cross inheritance and explain it in reference to eye color in Drosophila. What result  do you expect if white eyed female Drosophila is crossed with red eyed male? Why male  Drosophila cannot pass the trait white eye color to male off-springs?   (1+3+3+1) 

6. Describe light dependent steps of photosynthesis. How is it linked with dark reactions? (4+4)  

Part: II (Zoology) 

Group A 

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (6×1=6) 

1. Which type of blood group is known as universal recipient 

1. O positive 
2. O negative 
3. AB positive 
4. AB negative 

2. Which tissue lines the fallopian tubes in females? 

1. Ciliated cuboidal.
2. brush bordered cuboidal. 
3. ciliated columnar. 
4. brush bordered columnar. 

3. The transfer of tissue between individuals of different species is called 

1. Autograft 
2. Xenograft 
3. Allograft 
4. Isograft 

4. Common passage of bile and pancreatic juice is 

1. Ampulla of Vater 
2. Ductuscholedochus 
3.  Duct of Wirsung 
4. Duct of  Santorini 

5. On removing the thyroid gland from the tadpole of frog, it will

1. Die immediately 
2. remain tadpole throughout life 
3. Growth fast 
4. changes in adult 

6. Which hormone is also called love hormone? 

1. Pitocin 
2. Vasopressin
3. Parathormone 
4. Calcitonin 

Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4X4=16) 

1. What is the Haversian canal system? Describe in brief with a diagram.  (1+3) 

2. Study the given diagram and answer the following (2+2)

 

1. Identify A, B, C, D, E and F. 
2. Write any two functions of C and E. 

3. Describe the effects of drug addiction on human health as well as on society.  (2+2) 

4. Why amniocentesis is necessary for some pregnant women though this process is banned in  some countries? Justifying this gives its advantages. (1+3) 

OR,  

Describe the formation of coelom in the embryo of a frog with a well labeled diagram. (4)  

Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16) 

1. Mention the causative agent, mode of infection, symptoms and prophylaxis of AIDS  (1+2+3+2) 

2. What constitutes a brain stem? Describe the structure of cerebrum and its functions. Which part of the brain is first affected by alcohol?  (1+4+2+1) 

OR,

What is glomerular filtration? Differentiate tubular secretion and selective reabsorption. If a  person drinks more water than required by the body. How does the kidney balance water level in this case?  What will be the effects when both kidneys fail to work? (1+3+2+2) 

Set 2 

Part: I (Botany) 

 Group: A 

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (5X1=5)

1. The chromosomal mutation that occurs due to exchange of a part of chromosomes between non homologous chromosomes is called 

1. Deletion 
2. Duplication 
3. Inversion 
4. Translocation 

2. In angiosperm, the phenomenon of fusing of the second male gamete with two polar nuclei is called 

1. Fertilization 
2. Sporogenesis 
3. Triple fusion
4. Pollination 

3. Which of the following methods is used for production of large numbers of plants from explant in a short period of time? 

1. Protoplast culture 
2. Another culture 
3. Embryo culture 
4. Micropropagation 

4. In the given diagram a bicollateral vascular bundle is shown. In which of the following plants it is  found?  

1. Yucca 
2. Fern 
3. Rose 
4. Cucumber 

5. If dry seeds are kept in water they become swollen. Which of the following occurs in this  process? 

1. Plasmolysis
2. Imbibition
3. Ascent of sap
4. Suction pressure 

 Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4X4=16)

1. The anatomical structure of the vascular plant is given. Study the given diagram and answer the  following questions. 

 

1. Name C in the diagram.
2. Name D and mention its characteristics. What type of vascular bundle is shown in the   diagram? (1+1+1+1) 

2. Define microsporogenesis. Describe the process of microsporogenesis in brief.  (1+3) 

3. “Meristem tip culture helps in production of a large number of disease free plants.”Justify this  statement .Mention few benefits of tissue culture. (1+3) 

4. What is nastic movement in plants? Discuss the different types of nastic movements of plants  with examples.  

(1+3)  

OR 

What do you understand about reverse central dogma? In which organisms it occurs? Explain the  structure of mRNA  (1+1+2) 

Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16) 

5. Define DNA replication? Explain semi conservative replication of DNA? What is the  significance of DNA replication?  (1+6+1) 

Or  

What is crossing over? Explain the process of crossing over. Mention its significance  (1+4+3) 

6. What is the site of respiration? “The mechanism of respiration involves Glycolysis and Kreb’s  cycle.” Which of these two processes occurs only in aerobic respiration and explain that process  in detail?  (1+1+6) 

Part: II (Zoology) 

Group: A  

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (6×1=6)  

1. Which artery is absent in man?  

1. Renal 
2. Hepatic 
3. Renal portal 
4. Hepatic portal  

2. Organ of corti found in  

1. Scala tympani 
2. Scala media 
3. Scala vestibuli 
4. None  

3. Myelin sheath is derived from  

1.  Neuroglial cell 
2. Schwann cell 
3. Nerve cells 
4. All of the above  

4. Which artificial reproduction technique can help a lady to conceive a child if both her  fallopian tubes are blocked?  

1. ZIFT 
2. IVF 
3. RIFT 
4. SUZI  

5. Division in frog’s egg is 

1. Meroblastic 
2. Holoblastic 
3. Heteroblastic 
4. Mesoblastic  

6. Which of the following is synthesized and stored in the liver?  

1. Glucose 
2. Galactose 
3. fructose 
4. Glycogen  

Group: B  

Give short answers to the following questions: (4×4=16)  

1. Describe pseudostratified and transitional epithelium  (2+2)  

2. Study the given diagram and answer the following  

1. Label A and C 
2. Write the function of A and C  (2+2)  

3. What do you mean by biotic potential? Explain the population growth curves.   (1+3)  

4. Mention the benefits of transgenic animals in human life. 

Or

Describe the process of gastrulation during the development of frogs with diagrams. (4) 

Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16) 

1. Mention the causative agent, mode of infection, symptoms and control measures of  typhoid (1+2+3+2) 

2. Endocrine glands control and coordinate the body functions through the secretion of  chemical messengers called hormones. Due to certain physiological reasons, the thyroid  gland enlarges causing goiter. 

1. Give the possible cause of goiter. 
2. What are the roles of thyroid hormones ($T_3$ and $T_4$) in the body. 
3. What causes cretinism? 
4. Why are hormones called chemical messengers? 
5. How hormones differ from enzymes? Differentiate it. (1+2+1+1+3) 

Or 

Draw a well labeled diagram of the human respiratory tract. What is the role of carbonic  anhydrase? Explain how $CO_2$ is transported from metabolically active cells of the human  body to the organs from where it is released into the atmosphere. Describe the effect  of $CO_2$ on the $O_2$ dissociation curve. (2+1+3 

 SET 3 

Part: I (Botany) 

Group: A 

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (5×1=5) 

1. Which of the following processes is also known as clonal propagation? 

1. Micropropagation 
2.  Fermentation 
3. Genetic engineering 
4. Hybridoma 

2. Which type of xylem is shown in the diagram? 

1. Exarch 
2. Endarch 
3. Mesarch
4. hexarch 

3. Which of the following is partial dominance ? 

1. ABO blood group 
2. Pink rose 
3. Roan coat in cattle 
4. Tall plant 

4. Prokaryotic organisms have circular DNA. Which bond links both ends of DNA to make it  circular? 

1. Ester bond 
2. Diester bond 
3. Glycosidic bond 
4. Covalent bond 

5. Which of the following solutions contains a low concentration of solute relative to another  solution?

1. Isotonic 
2. Hypotonic 
3. Hypertonic 
4. Deurotonic 

 Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4×4=16) 

1. Study the given diagram and answer the following questions. 

1. Name A.  
2.  Name B and C. 
3. What is the function of G?  (1+1+1+1) 

2. Define embryogenesis. Explain the development pattern of dicot embryo (diagram not needed)  (1+3) 

3. “Genetic engineering is the technique used for production of genetically modified plants.” Explain its significance in the agriculture sector and few hazards caused due to this technique.  (2+2) 

4. Study the given diagram and answer the following questions: 

1. Redraw the diagram and label 5’ and 3’ ends.  (1+1)  
2. Label anticodon arm and mention its function.  (1+1) 

OR 

Which hormone causes bolting in plants? Explain physiological effects of that plant hormone.  (1+3) 

Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16) 

5. “Unlinked genes assort independently during gametogenesis “. Explain this statement with a suitable cross. Mention its result in the chart as well as its genotype and phenotype ratio.  (4+2+2) 

OR

What is Criss cross inheritance? Explain it in reference to color blindness in human beings. If a mother is carrier of colorblindness gene, what is the chance of occurrence of this disorder in sons  and why? Why male having X linked genetic disorder cannot pass the trait to son?  (1+4+1+1+1) 

6. Define photosynthesis. What is the site of photosynthesis? Explain cyclic and non-cyclic  photophosphorylation.  (1+1+3+3) 

Part: II (Zoology) 

Group A 

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (6×1=6) 

1. During excitation, our heart beat increases because: 

1. Noradrenaline is released from sympathetic system in the heart 
2. Acetylcholine is released from vagus nerve 
3. Amount of $CO_2$ increase in blood 
4. Nothing is released 

2. Name the structure in female genitalia which is homologous to penis of male. 

1. Labia majora 
2. Clitoris 
3. Vaginal orifice 
4. Vulva 

3. Which of the following ions is essential for muscle contraction? 

1. Na 
2. K 
3. Ca 
4. Fe 

4. The walls of arteries get thickened due to deposition of fats or cholesterol. The thickening of  walls of arteries is called: 

1. Arteriosclerosis 
2. Arthritis 
3. Aneurysm 
4. both b and c 

5. In test tube baby, 

1. Fertilization of ova and development takes place in test tube 
2. Fertilization of ova takes place in test tube while development of embryo occur in uterus 
3. Fertilization takes place in the uterus while development takes place in test tube
4. Development of ova take place in test tube without fertilization 

6. In the blastula stage of frog, there is formation of a cavity called blastocoel. Which cavity is formed in the gastrula stage?

1. Gastrocoel 
2. Archenteron 
3. Coelom 
4. Blastocoel 

Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4X4=16) 

1. Write the functions of epithelium. Differentiate tendon and ligament. (2+2) 

2. Differentiate spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Give the fate of ectoderm. (2+2) 

Or 

Discuss the advantages of fish farming in Nepal. (4) 

3. From the given diagram, answer the following questions.

1. Identify 1, 2,3,4, 5 and 6.  
2. mention the function of 4.  

4. Define zero population growth. Differentiate J-shaped and S-shaped curves of population growth. (1+3)  

Group: C  

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16)  

1. Describe the causative agent, mode of transmission, symptoms and control measures of TB.    (1+2+3+2)  

2. Draw a well-labeled diagram of the human respiratory system. Describe the gaseous exchange at  tissue level. Explain how hemoglobin is associated with respiration?  

Why does a man feel suffocation if he inhales the air containing carbon monoxide along with a normal  amount of $O_2$?   (2+2+3+1)  

Or 

Draw a well labelled diagram of the human heart. Describe the origin and conduction of heart beat.  What happens when the SA node is not working?   (3+3+2)  

SET 4  

Part: I (Botany)  

Group: A  

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (5×1=5)  

1. Which of the following is the reduced form of a temporary electron carrier molecule? 

1. FAD$H_2$ 
2. ATP 
3.  NAD$P^{+}$ 
4. C$O_2$ 

2. Which of the following cells is responsible for the water loss from its vacuole and the cytoplasm  shrinks and is withdrawn from the cell wall?  

1. Turgid cell 
2. Turgor cell 
3. Both a and b 
4. Plasmolysed cell 

3. Lateral meristem includes 

1. Fascicular vascular cambium 
2. Interfascicular cambium 
3. Cork cambium 
4. All 

4. Embryo sac of angiosperm is 

1. 6-celled 8-nucleate 
2. 7-celled 8-nucleate 
3. 8-celled 7-nucleate 
4. 7-celled 7-nucleate 

5. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not present in RNA? 

1. Thymine 
2. Uracil 
3. Adenine 
4. Cytosine 

 Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4×4=16) 

1. Study the given diagram and answer the following questions. 

1. Name A in the diagram. 
2. Redraw the diagram and label C. 
3. How is G formed?  (1+1+1+1) 

2. “The pre-pollination growth of male gametophyte occurs inside the microsporangium”. Explain  this process. (4) 

3. If the blood group of father is A and mother is B and their children have blood group A, B, AB and  O. Explain it by showing a suitable cross. Which type of pattern of inheritance is expressed in this  case?  (3+1) 

4. Define agar. What is the use of agar in an artificial medium? Mention few significance of tissue  culture.  (1+1+2) 

OR 

What is seed dormancy? Explain the types of seed dormancy.  (1+3) 

 Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16) 

5. Define mutation. Explain its type in which change in the number of chromosomes occurs in diploid  organisms. Explain few significance of mutation.  (1+5+2) 

OR

What do you understand by sex linked inheritance? Explain the cross between red eyed female  Drosophila and white eyed Drosophila. Which pattern of inheritance is shown in this case? What  will be the result if the above mentioned cross is reciprocated? Explain it with a cross.  (1+4+1+2) 

6. Define photorespiration. Explain $C_3$ cycle. Differentiate between $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants.  (1+3+4) 

Part: II (Zoology) 

Group A 

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (6×1=6) 

1. People living at sea level have less RBC number than those living at high altitude. It is  because at high altitude: 

1. People get pollution free air to breathe and more oxygen is available 
2. Atmospheric $O_2$ level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount  of $O_2$ to survive 
3. There is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production 
4. People eat more nutritive food, so more RBCs are formed 

2. In retina, yellow spot contains 

1. Rods and cones 
2. Rods only 
3. Cones only  
4. None 

3. Heparin is an anticoagulant. It is synthesized in 

1. Liver 
2. Kidneys 
3. Salivary glands 
4. Pancreas 

4. Which tissue consists of broad and flat, disc-like cells closely fitted like a mosaic floor and lined blood vessels ? 

1. Squamous epithelium 
2. Epidermal cells 
3. Endothelium 
4. Pavement cells 

5. Gorilla like man with large head and hands and protruding jaws is produced due to  

1. Over secretion of thyroxine 
2. Over secretion of growth hormone since the beginning of maturity 
3. Excess of Vitamin C in diet 
4. Excess secretion of TSH 

6. Allografts are grafts transplanted:  

1. Between genetically different individuals of the same species  
2. Between genetically identical individuals of the same species  
3. In the same individual, i.e., the donor is the recipient  
4. Between individuals of different species 

Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4×4=16) 

1. Give the difference between Striated and Unstriated muscle.  (4)

2. What is emphysema? Discuss any three common diseases associated with the human kidney. (1+3)  

Or 

Name the world’s first test tube baby. How can a test tube baby be produced by applying IVF  technology?  (1+3)  

3. Identify the parts and mention the functions of Kidney.  (4+1)  

4. Why drinking and driving do not go together? Enlist the health hazards due to alcoholic drinks.   (1+3)  

Group: C  

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16)  

1. Describe the causative agent, mode of transmission, symptoms and control measures of  Candidiasis. (1+2+3+2)  

2. Describe how the impulse transfers from one nerve to another? Define Saltatory conduction and  describe it. Mention any two sensory nerves along with its functions.  (3+3+2)  

Or 

Draw a well labelled diagram of the female reproductive system. Explain the various stages of the menstrual cycle. Name the hormone that is secreted by graafian follicle and mention its function.   (3+3+1+1)  

Set 5  

Part: I (Botany)  

Group: A  

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (5×1=5)  

1. Which of the following tissues is present in aquatic plants?  

1. Collenchyma 
2. Chlorenchyma 
3. Sclerenchyma 
4. Aerenchyma  

2. How many megaspores are developed during megasporogenesis?  

1. 1 
2. 2 
3. 3 
4. 4  

3. What are the tissues used during tissue culture?  

1. Auxins 
2. Cytokinins 
3.  both 
4. None of above 

4. Which of the following is not true? 

1. Mendel is the father of genetics 
2. T.H Morgen is the father of linkage  
3. The process of crossing between f1 individual and recessive parents is called out cross. 
4. Deoxyribose sugar represents the sugar of DNA. 

5. During early morning water is falling from leaves of plants due to the 

1. Transpiration 
2. Translocation 
3. Guttation 
4.  Evaporation 

Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4×4=16) 

1. The structure of tissue is given. Study the given diagram and answer the following questions.  (1+3) 

1. Write the name of (X) 
2. Draw the well labelled diagram and give any two functions of given tissue.  

2. What is tapetum? Explain the developmental process of megasporogenesis.  (1+3) 

3. What are fertilizers? Why green manure is superior to chemical fertilizers.  (1+3) 

4. Define mutation. How euploidy shows the variability among the living organisms?  (1+3) 

OR 

What do you mean by seed dormancy? Explain about the factors which are responsible for the seed  dormancy.  

( 1 + 3 ) 

Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16) 

1. What do you mean by transpiration? Explain types of transpiration. How is it different from  guttation? (1+5+2) 

2. Define Nucleic acid. Describe the helical and diagrammatic structure of DNA. Mention the importance of it.  

(1+4+3) 

OR 

Define Linkage. Describe complete and incomplete linkage and why it is called the source of  variation. (1+3+3+1) 

Part: II (Zoology) 

Group A 

Circle the correct answer from the given alternatives. (6×1=6) 

1. The amniocentesis procedure is not done before the _________ week after conception. 

1. 4th-5th 
2. 6th-8th 
3. 10th-12th 
4. 15th-16th 

2. Where would you find Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium? 

1. Mouth 
2. Epidermis 
3. Kidney 
4. Trachea 

3. Diabetes insipidus is caused due to the deficiency of hormone: 

1. Insulin 
2. Vasopressin 
3. Glucagon 
4. Oxytocin 

4. In a man, the abductor's nerve is injured. Which one of the following functions will be affected?

1. Movement of eyeball 
2. Swallowing 
3. Movement of tongue 
4. Movement of neck 

5. If after ovulation, pregnancy does not take place, then the corpus luteum 

1. produces a lot of relaxin and oxytocin 
2. degenerates in a short time 
3. is maintained in the presence of progesterone 
4. becomes active and secretes a lot of LH and FSH 

6. Hamburger shift is also known as

1. Chloride shift 
2. Bicarbonate shift 
3. Potassium shift 
4. All of the above 

Group: B 

Give short answers to the following questions: (4×4=16) 

1. Differentiate between blood and lymph. 

2. Study the given diagram and name A, B, C, D, E and F. Name the two distinct spots present in B. (3+1)

3. Describe the process of formation of notochord and nerve cord with reference to frog.  (2+2) 

Or 

What do you mean by brooding? What are the advantages of poultry farming in Nepal?  (1+3) 

4. Mention the consequences of over population in Nepal. Explain the various techniques to control  overpopulation through birth control or family planning.  

(1+3) 

Group: C 

Give long answers to the following questions. (2×8=16) 

1. Describe the causative agent, mode of transmission, symptoms and control measures of Cholera. (1+2+3+2) 

2. Draw a well labeled diagram of the alimentary canal of humans. Describe the absorption process  of digested food. Mention the role of liver in digestion of food.  (3+3+2) 

Or 

Describe the working mechanism of the human heart. How does the liver detoxify the blood? Explain it with  respect to the hepatic portal system. Name the artery that supplies blood to heart muscles. (4+3+1)

Source: Kathmandu world school, Gundu, Bhaktapur